Healthy landscapes are fundamental to the health of life on earth. Land degradation as the land use section earlier in this chapter shows, demands on the land for economic development and pressures from a burgeoning population are leading to unprecedented land use change. Capacity building to combat land degradation project in the peoples republic of china. The aligned nap contributes to the undp country programme outcome.
Desertification, land degradation and sustainability wiley. Although there is a link between land degradation and conflict, we should be careful not to blame the. Although land transformation can, in its self, be considered as a form of degradation, especially when considering biodiversity, transformed land may also enhance provisioning of specific. Guidelines for the national assessment and mapping of land. Land degradation neutrality pilot project a project of the ministry of environment and tourism supported by the deutsche gesellschaft fur internationale zusammenarbeit gmbh giz november 2018 windhoek namibia s. The result is a loss of land productivity with impacts on livelihoods and the. The aligned nap integrates guyanas obligations under the unccd into its national development and sectoral planning frameworks through a renewed and participative process, and in a manner that is in line. The change in the characteristic and quality of soil which adversely affect its fertility is called as degradation. In this report, land degradation is defined as a negative trend 4 in land condition, caused by direct or indirect humaninduced processes. Land degradation soil degradation is the decline in soil quality caused by its improper use, usually for agricultural, pastoral, industrial or urban purposes. Land degradation is a global challenge that affects everybody through food insecurity and higher food prices, through climate change and environmental hazards, and through the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of humaninduced processes acting upon the land. Pollution of water resources from the contamination of. Isric report 201008, isric world soil information, wageningen, 58p pdf. An update of glada global assessment of land degradation and improvement. Land degradationthe deterioration or loss of the productive capacity of the soils for present and futureis a global challenge that affects everyone through food insecurity, higher food prices, climate change, environmental hazards, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. The mission of the ldn fund project is to become a source of transformative capital bringing together public and private investors to fund triple bottom line projects that contribute to land degradation neutrality. The eld initiative was cofounded in 2011 by the secretariat of the united nations convention to combat desertification unccd, the german federal ministry for economic. Soil degradation a major threat to humanity summary soil degradation needs to be recognised, alongside climate change, as one of the most pressing. Estimates of the extent of land degradation have varied hugely due to divergent definitions. Land degradation takes place in both natural vegetation and on land transformed to an altered state and use such as cropland and plantation forests. Improved functional capacity of key natural resources and disaster risk management institutions, and is aligned to the uns sustainable. Causes and impacts of land degradation and desertification.
Land degradation is a concept in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by one or more combination of human induced processes acting upon the land. Poor land management practices include grazing of stock that has hard hooves, growing of crops that require large amounts of fertilisers and pesticides especially superphosphate and nitrogen. The three degradation terms, environmental degradation, land degradation, and. For that purpose, a new project initiative called recare has been submitted to the ec by a consortium of 28 partner institutions, which was favorably evaluated recently.
Recare aims to prevent and remediate degradation of soils in europe by designing and applying targeted land management strategies in close collaboration with. Stocking and murnaghan demonstrate these by using indicators that are relevant and applicable to real farming situations. Aligned national action plan to combat land degradation. From food production to quality air and water, nutrient cycling and soil formation, we depend on our land for the very basics of existence. Consultants were to be recruited for the project geffinanced. Causes and consequences article pdf available in european researcher 8182. Land degradation is the major consequences of direct interference of human activities in the natural phenomenon. Land degradation is the most important environmental problem currently challenging sustainable development in many parts of the world. Desertification mitigation and remediation of land a global approach for local solutions.
It literally refers to the impairment of natural quality of soil component of any ecosystem. The glo and its derivative products, such as regional reports and working papers, focus on current trends in land degradation and land use change, the driving factors and human impacts, and scenarios for future challenges and opportunities. Action plan to combat land degradation aligned nap, which was completed in december 2015. The economics of land degradation eld initiative estimates the cost of lost ecosystem services to land degradation to be between 6.
Land degradation assessment in drylands lada project iii executive summary the goal of the united nations convention to combat desertification unccd is the identification, promotion and implementation of effective responses to land degradation in dryland areas. The soil integrates a variety of important processes involving vegetation growth, overland flow of water, infiltration, land use and land management. Research by the economics of land degradation initiative in 2015 calculated that soil degradation is. Guidelines for the national assessment and mapping of land degradation and conservation 2 this document is designed to support and guide national experts and institutions in preparing and implementing participatory national and subnational assessments of ld and slm module 2 above in a stepwise approach. It thus covers the various forms of soil degradation, adverse human impacts on water. The glo aims to communicate a new and transformative vision for land. Land degradation and desertification, largely due to deforestation and unsustainable land use, are amongst the most pressing problems facing the world today. What are causes and effects of environmental degradation. By tackling land degradation, the ldn fund project is expected to have multiple benefits. Soil degradation is a serious global environmental problem and may be exacerbated by climate change. A fundamental question is whether these two sdgs are compatible. Any change that decreases productivity of the land land clearing poor land management practices 2 3.
Prominent environmental degradation found in most rural communities include deforestation, loss of biodiversity, loss of soil fertility, leaching of the soil, land degradation, land and water pollution, desertification, flood, drought, and erosions. Economics of land degradation initiative wikipedia. Soil degradation is, in itself, an indicator of land degradation. Chris barrow, martin brandt, jan frouz, vanessa wong, yakov kuzyakov, gerardo ojeda and jan nyssen impact factor. Solutions need to be developed and introduced which address both issues simultaneously. Land degradation is defined as the temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity of the land, and the diminution of the productive potential, including its major land uses e. It encompasses physical soil erosion, chemical salinity and alkalinity, pollution and biological deterioration pollution and. However, the physical cause of land degradation is commonly a reduction in soil quality. The map of the study area is presented on the next page. Global assessment of land degradation and improvement glada. Soil degradation needs to be recognised, alongside climate change, as one of the most pressing problems facing humanity. The following is a list of the most cited articles based on citations published in the last three years, according to crossref. Land degradation, soil erosion and soil conservation pmf ias.
Establish metrics on aspects related to land degradation neutrality project to the communes of chile. Aligned national action plan to combat land degradation, guyana. United nations conference on environment and development. The condition of the soil is one of the best indicators of land degradation. The health impacts of desertification and drought pdf, 1. Land degradation is the reduction or loss of the biological or economic productivity and complexity of rainfed cropland, irrigated cropland, or rangeland, pasture, forest and woodlands resulting from land uses or from a process or combination of processes, including processes arising from human activities and habitation patterns, such as. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Land degradation can be viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable eswaran, 2001. Land degradation is a process in which the value of the physical environment is affected by a. The economics of land degradation eld initiative is a global initiative which aims to increase awareness of the benefits of sustainable land management and economic consequences of land degradation. Terminal evaluation of the unepfaogef project land degradation assessment in drylands lada. Land degradation is more pronounced in the eastern parts and north eastern parts of kenya as shown in fig.
A stateoftheart land degradation and desertification are complex challenges at the beginning of the xxi century, with environmental, social, economic and. Economics of land degradation and improvement in kenya. In turn, unsustainable land use is driving land degradation. Focused on direct investment into largescale land restoration and land degradation avoidance. Eu meeting 10 and 11 june, 20 desire is an integrated project funded by eu fp6, executed between 20072012 contract no. Global assessment of land degradation and improvement. Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients. Land is a vital resource to humankind, like air and water. Identify, select and collect available data sources to quantify factors associated with land degradation. Making use of much original data and information that has been undertaken by many scientists andpractitioners during the last decade in different parts of the world, desertification, land degradation and sustainability is organised according to the principles of adaptive management and hierarchy theory and clearly explains desertification.
Impact of environmental degradation on agricultural. The importance of land degradation in calabar south is enhanced because of its impact on food security and quality of the environments. Land degradation development is an international journal which seeks to promote rational study of the recognition, monitoring, control and rehabilitation of degradation in terrestrial environments. This practical handbook sets out rapid and nontechnical methods for measuring and assessing land degradation in the field. In nigeria, the nigerdelta communities are mostly cited as examples of. Land degradation which is also seen as a decline in land quality caused by human. It thus covers the various forms of soil degradation, adverse human impacts on water resources, deforestation, and lowering of the productive capacity of rangelands. It encompasses physical soil erosion, chemical salinity and alkalinity, pollution and biological. Findings from this project suggest that land usecover changes observed across the country could be addressed through adopting green economy ge where conservation issues will be. Two of the united nations sustainable development goals sdgs are to end poverty goal 1 and to strive to achieve a landdegradation neutral world goal 15.
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